Nasal polyps are small, noncancerous growths in the nasal passages that can cause breathing difficulties, congestion, and sinus infections. If left untreated, they can lead to chronic discomfort and complications. Learn how to recognize the symptoms and explore treatment options.
What Are Nasal Polyps?
Nasal polyps are soft, painless growths that form in the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses due to chronic inflammation. They are typically teardrop-shaped and can vary in size, sometimes becoming large enough to block the nasal passages. Although noncancerous, nasal polyps can cause discomfort and interfere with normal breathing. These polyps often develop in people with conditions like asthma, allergies, chronic sinus infections, or sensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).1
While they may affect anyone, adults over 40 are more commonly diagnosed with nasal polyps.2 Though small nasal polyps might go unnoticed, larger or multiple polyps can lead to more noticeable symptoms such as difficulty breathing, a loss of smell, and recurring sinus infections. If left untreated, nasal polyps can contribute to long-term complications, making early detection and treatment essential.
Common Symptoms of Nasal Polyps
The symptoms of nasal polyps can vary depending on their size and location. Smaller polyps may not cause noticeable symptoms, but larger ones can block the nasal passages and sinuses, leading to a range of issues. Common symptoms include persistent nasal congestion, runny nose, and a reduced or lost sense of smell. Many individuals also experience frequent sinus infections, postnasal drip, and facial pressure or pain.
In some cases, nasal polyps can cause headaches, snoring, or a sensation of fullness in the face. Breathing through the nose may become difficult or impossible, leading to mouth breathing. Because nasal polyps are associated with chronic inflammation, people with asthma or allergies may notice their symptoms worsening. If these symptoms persist, it’s important to seek medical attention, as untreated nasal polyps can cause ongoing discomfort and complications.
Treatment Options for Nasal Polyps
There are several treatment options available for nasal polyps, depending on the severity of the condition. Initial treatment often involves medications to reduce inflammation and shrink the polyps. Nasal corticosteroid sprays are commonly prescribed to help manage symptoms and reduce polyp size. If nasal sprays are ineffective, oral or injectable corticosteroids may be recommended for short-term use.
For individuals with chronic sinus infections, antibiotics may be used alongside other treatments. In cases where medication doesn’t provide sufficient relief, surgical removal of the polyps (polypectomy) may be necessary. This minimally invasive procedure involves removing the polyps to clear the nasal passages. While surgery can be effective, polyps may return over time, making ongoing medical management important. Regular follow-up care, including the use of nasal sprays or other medications, can help prevent recurrence and keep symptoms under control.3
Preventing Nasal Polyps
While there is no guaranteed way to prevent nasal polyps, managing the underlying causes of chronic inflammation may reduce the risk of developing them. For individuals with allergies, controlling allergic reactions with antihistamines or allergy shots can help minimize inflammation in the nasal passages. Those with asthma should follow their prescribed treatment plan to manage symptoms and reduce the likelihood of inflammation that leads to polyp formation.
Additionally, using a humidifier at home and practicing good nasal hygiene, such as saline nasal rinses, can keep the nasal passages clear and reduce irritation. Avoiding environmental irritants like smoke, dust, and pollution can also help reduce inflammation. Regular check-ups with an ear, nose, and throat specialist are recommended for those prone to chronic sinus issues. By staying proactive in managing risk factors, you can lower your chances of developing nasal polyps or experiencing recurring symptoms.
Learn More About Nasal Polyps
Nasal polyps, though noncancerous, can cause significant discomfort and impact daily life if left untreated. Understanding the symptoms, such as congestion and loss of smell, can lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment. With various treatment options available, including medications and surgery, managing nasal polyps is possible. Preventive measures, such as controlling allergies and maintaining nasal hygiene, can help reduce the likelihood of recurrence. If you suspect you have nasal polyps, consulting with a healthcare professional can help you explore the best treatment plan to restore comfort and improve your quality of life.